«Once women were allowed into competitive sport in the early 20th century, those whose athletic ability was on par with their male counterparts, or whose physique was too manly, were disqualified from competition as deviants of the gender order. Through the history of women’s sport, female athletes have been exposed to intrusive gender verification processes including medical inspection of external genitalia and chromosome testing that produced many false positives and had catastrophic impacts on athletes’ careers. The current climate is one that focuses on testosterone levels of those athletes whose gender is deemed to be ‘suspicious.’

…

the literature shows that no trans woman has ever won an Olympic medal ever since they have been allowed to compete in 2004 (Ivy and Friedlaender, 2020).»

Don’t even need to look into theories about testosterone, although this paper does that, too.

https://cces.ca/sites/default/files/content/docs/2024-01/transgender-women-athletes-and-elitesport-a-scientific-review-en.pdf (PDF; no, I did not read the whole thing).

Reached via https://www.commondreams.org/opinion/trans-moral-panic-falsespor